What Is Hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia is the condition of having high concentrations of glucose in the blood. Pre-diabetes, which is a term used to describe a susceptibility to developing diabetes, and diabetes make the person prone to hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are similar terms that should not be confused. Hypoglycemia is the opposite of hyperglycemia and described the condition of having low blood sugar. Both conditions are dangerous if left untreated.
Someone may recognize the common, initial symptoms of hyperglycemia as being the same as the initial signs of diabetes. Hyperglycemia often causes increased thirst, increased appetite, and frequent urination.
Hyperglycemia can also cause dry mouth, dry skin, impotence, fatigue, weight loss, and blurred vision. A person with hyperglycemia may develop frequent infections such as ear infections and yeast infections.
Illness or stress can increase blood glucose levels and cause hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients may struggle to control their blood glucose levels when they are ill or under more stress than usual. Stress management is a beneficial component of diabetes management.
People with hyperglycemia may also have sugar in their urine. Not everyone with hyperglycemia will have symptoms. Stress and illness can make diabetic patients prone to hyperglycemia.
People with diabetes test their blood sugar levels to check for hyperglycemia. If the blood glucose levels are high, diabetic patients often have medication such as insulin to take to reduce their blood glucose levels.
The levels of glucose in the blood can be reduced by exercising. Exercise encourages the utilization of gluclose from the blood by the muscles. Before exercising to reduce blood glucose levels, diabetic patients should test for the presence of ketones since ketones can cause blood glucose levels to rise from exercise.
A diabetes complication caused by hyperglycemia is ketoacidosis. If the body does not have insulin to allow it to use glucose from the blood for energy, the body breaks down fats. The process of breaking down fat for energy causes ketones.
Skipping meals and hypoglycemia can also make the person susceptible to developing ketoacidosis. Without enough glucose from food eaten, the body is forced to break down fat for energy which causes ketones.
Shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, fruity-smelling breath, and dry mouth are symptoms of ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis can cause the person to enter a diabetic coma and can be fatal. Suspicion of ketoacidosis should be treated like a medical emergency.
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